Fair Value and Fair Presentation of Financial Statements Assignment

Fair Value and Fair Presentation of Financial Statements - Assignment Example As per the requirements of IFRS 5, 'the assets that are held for sale are to measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value fewer costs to sell' (IASB, n.d.). This means that the asset should be marketed for sale at a price which is arrived by considering the fair value of the asset. This ensures that financial statements provide a more realistic figure for fixed assets that are held for sale. IAS 16 provides accounting treatment of property, plant, and equipment and their revaluation for the purpose of financial reporting. As per the standard, 'after recognition as an asset, an item of property, plant and equipment whose fair value can be measured reliably shall be carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of the revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses' (IASB, n.d.). This shows that the standard requires assets to be represented in financial statements at their fair value as a true representation of their actual value at the time of balance sheet development. This standard deals with recognition, measurement, and revaluation of an intangible asset. An intangible asset is a non-monetary asset and has no physical form. The standard requires a revaluation of the intangible asset at the 'fair value at the date of revaluation less any  accumulated amortization and any subsequent accumulated impairment losses' (IASB, n.d.). The fair value is determined with reference to active markets where the prices are available to the public, buyers and sellers are available, and items are traded in a homogenous way. In addition to the above, IAS 32 and IAS 39 require the use of fair value for measuring and presenting the value of financial assets and financial liabilities.  

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Communication - Essay Example Here, the authors provide detailed information about how effectively communication can be used in strengthening a healthier interpersonal communication. I would like to concur with the argument that effective interpersonal communication is a very important skill which everyone should possess. As they explain, it can be of a great benefit in determining how conducive an environment is. In conclusion, Steven and Susan are very accurate in the manner they discuss about communication. The whole chapter is equipped with viable information which can be of great importance when understanding exactly what communication is. As the authors emphasize, it is crucial for everyone to have listening skills. In fact, this is the most fundamental skill which everyone should have. Once they can learn to listen to one another, it will be much possible for them to understand one another and be able to speak in one voice as they strive to accomplish a common

System Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

System Security - Essay Example The virus attack can only be possible to a system via removable storage devices (zip drive, jazz drive, and floppy drive) which mean a system can be protected from such attacks if the external removable devices are pre-scanned before its usage. During the current era of globalization, every LAN is connected to the biggest LAN i.e., internet one way or the other. Nearly all the financial institutions and government bodies have connected their systems over the internet to give their authorized users an ease of access from any part of the world. On one hand this has alleviated the boundaries between different countries and made communication possible in real-time between two ends of the world but on the other hand it has given an edge to the cyber criminals to breach through the complex systems by finding its loopholes. Due to the threat of hacking, none of the national security and financial data is safe from these cyber criminals unless well protected by using different pro-active techniques such as: 1) Data encryption 2) Firewalls 3) Identifying the loopholes in the current system and creating a patch for it. The encryption technique has been successfully used for data transfer between two ends over the internet because even if the data is tapped by a hacker, he cannot decrypt it since he is inaccessible to the public key for decryption. The firewall softwares are used to guard against the brute force attacks and access from an invalid domain but due to the loopholes which exist in the current operating systems these firewall softwares occasionally fail. Up till now the hackers are usually focusing on financial institutions for the monetary benefits, but in the future these hackers could also be used to manipulate the national security data and the personal ids to wage any degree of chaos as desired. This situation is expected only because we have created the space for this threat by ourselves by storing every personal data and

Psychological theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychological theories - Essay Example The probability of an individual being born with certain personality features is very thin in the context of self theories. This implies that the diverse individual experiences that people in a society opens up a probability of having several personality types. Every individual has a specific and unique chance of building a different personality, based on their own experiences and interpretation of the experiences. This paper will analyze the applicability of the Person centered theory to African American women given that they are faced with several problems including racial and gender segregation. A classical self theory is as outlined in Carl Rogers’ theory; person centered theory, variously referred to as person centered theory. In his theory, Carl defines a person as the product of experiences and perceptions. If life is full of experiences, then it can comfortably be predicted to be learning and a growing encounter (integration of experiences into one’s life using perceptions). It is therefore easy to predict that the nature of experiences in different people’s lives could result in markedly similar or characteristic growth. In his theory, Carl makes assumptions to the effect that human beings can be trustworthy and have potential to resolve their problems when they understand themselves without interventions, which makes therapeutic intervention a highly influential part of molding clients. In order for the intervention therapy to take course and effect, there must be a positive attitude from the client’s part, as well as a good relationship between the therapist and the client. Proficiency in theory and counseling techniques was not important according to Carl, as it is for the therapist to understand the potential possessed by clients in their recovery. Apparently, it is the most powerful tool that a therapist can use, as opposed to the views of Bohart and Tallman (1999), (as cited in Corey, 2009,

Effect of Industrialization on the Environment Essay

Effect of Industrialization on the Environment - Essay Example It is this industrialization that has helped many countries to manufacture goods which were beyond human imagination (World Bank 1992 p.71). Industrialization was not only experienced in the developed countries but also in the undeveloped countries. Ever since the economies of countries have improved because of industrialization many countries are still striving hard to industrialize their states. It was noted that the rate of industrialization in Asia was even higher than the developed countries in the years of 1990 to 1995 (WHO 1997 p.130-132). However, these countries are not recognizing as to how much effects are they causing on the environment through industrialization. The health hazards and environmental pollution have become the least important of all aspects when it comes to industrialize an area. However, with growing concerns, it has been noticed that different countries all over the world have taken a stand so as to avoid any mishap. This essay would further analyze diffe rent effects of industrialization and environmental pollution on the society and the possible outcome of these effects. It would also put forward some measures through which their effects can be decreased. Environmental problems have had a negative effect on both a global and local scale due to the exhaust fumes from vehicles, factory emissions, cigarette smoking and the burning of waste and these problems would be discussed in detail in this essay (Vallero 2008, Goudie 2000 & Cooper 2001) As mentioned above industrialization has been of immense importance to the economies of many countries and because of this reason many countries have adopted the strategies of industrialization. Industrialization is causing a deteriorating effect on the environment of this earth and is also playing a great role in influencing the environmental pollution. Industrialization has also had some good effects on the society as it has improved the living standards of many.

Intertextuality in Contemporary Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intertextuality in Contemporary Writing - Essay Example However, it must first be questioned whether or not sharing a general plot makes stories similar, or if it is the unique creation of that story which is valued above all others. The concept of intertextuality is not new. Intertextuality is defined as "Intertextuality is the shaping of texts' meanings by other texts. It can refer to an author's borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader's referencing of one text in reading another" (Wikipedia). Another, more clear and accepted definition describes intertextuality as Texts, whether they be literary or non-literary are viewed by modern theorists as lacking in any kind of independent meaning. They are what theorists now call intertextual. The act of reading, theorists claim, plunges us into a network of textual relations. To interpret a text, to discover its meaning or meanings is to trace those relations. Reading thus becomes a process of moving between texts. Meaning becomes something that exists between a text and all other texts to which it refers to and relates, moving out from the independent text into a network of textual relations. (Hansen, Intertextuality) Even the word draws from other sources, having been changed and developed to its' current meaning. Yet intertextuality is more than just the influences that other writers and texts have upon the text in question. It affects the subject of the piece, the style of the writing, even the word choice made. It is semiotics to every detail, and intertextuality suggests that there is actually nothing new in a new text, that all ideas have been borrowed or influenced by other writers and texts. To suggest that all writing is a form of plagiarism is an interesting concept, and yet holds quite a bit of validity. Even now, in this essay, the ideas have been written before. The form has been written before. Other authors have expounded on the concept of intersexuality. If all essays were compared, chances are there would be little that was not found in at least two essays. If not even an essay can be unique, then how can a novel, or a play Yet, at the same time, how can they not be unique An excellent example of this is Carpentier's essay, "Like the Night." Clearly, the concept of looking at how a soldier feels about war is not unique in and of itself. Look at contemporary classics, such as The Things They Carried. Like "Like the Night" the story focuses on the tales of men at war, and their thoughts and feelings about what is happening around them. Yet, while they each share unique thoughts and ideas, would they not both be strengthened by reading both texts They are a part of the intertextual network that Hansen described. Another piece that deserves notice is Barth's "Dunyazadiad." This piece clearly draws on other works and ideas, as it is not a story meant to stand alone, but rather a remake of an already written story. His story not only connects to other stories on an idea basis but also embellishes and changes a story that already had meaning and idea. There are deeper concepts in this story then, since it adds yet another layer to the original story, bringing the meanings written by that author, and by Barth. Clearly, this piece cannot stand by itself, since it would lose so much. So, the answer to the question â€Å"The concept of intertextuality reminds us that each text exists in relation to others.     Ã‚  

Security via technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security via technology - Research Paper Example Public key cryptography is a combination of elaborately created procedures and standards that are meant to protect communications from being listened to or tampered with or being affected by impersonation attacks. Public key encryption enables the free distribution of public keys and only the people who have been permitted are allowed to read the data that has been subjected to encryption through this key (Oppliger, 2011). Generally sending encrypted data entails encrypting the data to be sent with the encryption key that belongs to the receiver, and upon receiving the message, the receiver will decrypt the message using his or her own private key. In comparison to the symmetric-key encryption, the public –key encryption needs a lot more processing and may not be a practical option for the encryption and decryption of large amounts of information. Nonetheless, a public key can be used to send a symmetric key that can ultimately be used in the decryption of more data, which is the method that is employed by SSL/TLS protocol. Additionally, the decryption of data that has been encrypted using a private key can be decrypted using a public key that corresponds to it although this approach is not recommended when that data to be encrypted is sensitive (Vaudenay, 2005). Nevertheless, since it implies that any person who holds the public key, which is usually made available to everyone, has the capacity to decrypt the data. However, private key encryption is still useful as it means that the private key can be employed in signing data with digital signatures, which are critical requirements in electronic commerce as well as other cryptographic applications of a commercial nature. Mozilla Firefox, as well as other client software, can employ public keys wen confirming that a message has been signed with the proper private key and that it has not be interfered with after being signed. Even though the worldwide